Rigorous and General Definition of Thermodynamic Entropy. Part II: Temperature of a Thermal Reservoir and Entropy

A rigorous and general definition of entropy is proposed, which is based on operative definitions of all the concepts employed and involves neither the concept of heat nor that of quasistatic process; it applies to both equilibrium and nonequilibrium states and considers also systems with movable internal walls and/or semipermeable walls, with chemical reactions and/or external force fields, with small numbers of particles. In part II, entropy and thermodynamic temperature are defined and the principle of entropy non-decrease is proved.