Design of DRAs for all-Siliconefficient millimeter-wave energy harvesters

This paper presents the analysis and design of on-Silicon dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) for energy harvesting applications. The proposed antennas, operating at 24 GHz and excited through a simple microstrip line, are built on a high-resistivity silicon substrate 0.525 mm-Thick. The design of cylindrical and rectangular resonators using sapphire as dielectric material is first described, leading to 80% of maximum radiation efficiency and gain equal to 5.15 dBi. Given the increasing attention to system-on-A-chip (SoC) circuits, the second study proposed in this paper aims to a complete integrated solution, describing all-Silicon DRAs, both in cylindrical and rectangular shapes. Very promising performances are obtained in this case, too, from the twofold point of view of compactness and efficiency (75% radiation efficiency and gain equal to 4.72 dBi), if compared to standard solutions on Silicon. As a last step of the proposed study, an investigation on the miniaturization of DRAs operating at millimeter waves is described, exploiting high permittivity materials. In particular, a resonator with dielectric permittivity of 50, is analyzed.