Laser scanner use in cave contexts: the cases of Castellana(Italy) and Naica (Mexico)

When surveying caves operative and logistic problems are due to complexity, extension and environment of the cavities subject of study. Such elements make a precise topographical survey be difficult by using traditional instruments and procedures. The present paper describes three survey works in caves that Virtualgeo, geomatics and software development Italian company, carried out with three-dimensional laser scanning instruments in Italy and Mexico. Laser scanning technology (whose characteristics are measurement rapidity, non-contact with the surveyed surfaces, completeness and precision of data, flexibility of use) was used to document the present conditions of the caves of Castellana, mine caves of Naica and karst system of Santa Barbara in Iglesias constructing high precision three-dimensional geometric databases. Post-processing of the acquired data and digital three-dimensional modelling of the caves morphology were performed with the proprietary software CloudCUBE. In Virtualgeo’s experience laser scanning technology and reverse modelling methodological approach proved to be a feasible way to document caves in precise comprehensive way limiting risks related to lack or inadequacy of data.