A Semi-global Hybrid Sensorless Observer for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Unknown Mechanical Model

In this paper, we present a hybrid sensorless observer for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines, with no a priori knowledge of the mechanical dynamics and without the typical assumption of constant or slowly-varying speed. Instead, we impose the rotor speed to have a constant (unknown) sign and a non-zero magnitude at all times. For the design of the proposed scheme, we adopt meaningful Lie group formalism to describe the rotor position as an element of the unit circle. This choice, however, leads to a non-contractible state space, and therefore it introduces topological constraints that complicate the achievement of global/semi-global and robust results. In this respect, we show that the proposed observer, which augments a recent continuous-time solution, achieves semi-global practical asymptotic stability by periodically resetting the estimates. As highlighted in the simulation results, the novel hybrid strategy leads to improved transient performance, notably without any modification of the gains employed in the continuous-time version. These features motivate to augment the observer with a discrete-time identifier, leading to significantly faster rotor flux reconstruction.