Augmented bimedial rectus muscles recession in acute acquired concomitant esotropia associated with myopia

Objective: To review the clinical features of acute acquired concomitant esotropia in myopia and the results of augmented bilateral symmetrical medial rectus recession. Methods: The medical charts of 50 patients diagnosed with acute acquired concomitant esotropia associated with myopia between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed. The dose-response was calculated, and the relationship of sex, age, refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), preoperative deviation angle, and stereopsis with surgical results were analysed. Results: Forty-six patients (mean age 40.1 ± 18.1 years) were included in the study. Preoperative esotropia angle at near and distance were, respectively, 26.0 ± 7.5 PD and 25.2 ± 7.9 PD. Surgery amount was 12.1 ± 1.8 mm of recession, and surgical success was achieved in 38 patients (82.6%). No overcorrections were recorded. At 1-year follow-up, the mean deviation angle at distance and at near was 1.9 ± 2.4 and 1.7 ± 2.1 PD, and no recurrences were observed. The average dose-response was 1.8 ± 0.6 PD/mm and was positively correlated with preoperative angle of deviation (R2 = 0.799, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with age (R2 = −0.365, p = 0.013). Conversely, there were no significant associations between dose-response and sex, refractive error, BCVA, or stereopsis (all p > 0.05). Factors associated with surgical failure were a lower amount of recession and absence of stereopsis. Conclusions: Augmented bilateral medial rectus recession allows good motor and sensory results in patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia associated with myopia.