In a passage from the ix book of the Republic (588c), having to simplify the substantial difference existing between the righteous man and the unrighteous one, Plato – through Socrates’ speech – refers to that “image of the soul”, shaped in the speech, “similar to one of those natural forms that myth has handed down to us were born in antiquity from many different shapes or appearances – such as Chìmaira, Skylla, Kerberos and several others” (Hippocentauroi, Gorgones and Pegasi, see Phaedr. 229d). By means of “imagery” or mythological figures evidently well rooted in the collective imagination, Plato literally shapes “in the speech” his own idea of the soul, which is something impalpable and difficult to define, but which also manifests, as an essential quality of its “composite” nature, a hybrid character capable of giving a meaning and an “understandable” form to the composite nature of the human being. Thus, when the Athenian philosopher affirms that one must take medium care (epimeléomai) of the polymorphic and police-animal which is an integral part of human nature, he demonstrates that he knows well (by bending them to his theoretical intentions) the identity strategies through which Greek man thinks and builds himself in relation to a dialectically founding radical Otherness.

In un passo del ix libro della Repubblica (588c), dovendo semplificare la differenza sostanziale esistente tra l’uomo giusto e l’ingiusto, Platone – per bocca di Socrate – fa cenno a quell’«immagine dell’anima» plasmata nel discorso «simile a una di quelle forme naturali che il mito ci tramanda esser nate nell’antichità – come Chìmaira, Skylla, Kerberos e parecchie altre (Ippocentauri, Gorgoni e Pegasi, cfr. Phaedr. 229d) che a quanto si racconta costituivano un’unità composta da molte forme/sembianze diverse. Attraverso il ricorso a delle “immagini” o figure mitologiche evidentemente ben radicate nell’immaginario collettivo, Platone plasma letteralmente “nel discorso” la propria idea di anima, che è qualcosa di impalpabile e difficile a definirsi, ma che pure manifesta, come qualità essenziale della propria natura “composita”, un carattere ibrido in grado di dare un senso e una forma “comprensibile” alla natura composita dell’essere umano. E quando il filosofo ateniese afferma che bisogna aver cura (epimeléomai) dell’animale polimorfo e policefalo che è parte integrante dell’umana natura dimostra di conoscere bene (piegandole alle proprie intenzioni teoretiche) le strategie identitarie attraverso cui l’uomo greco pensa e costruisce sé stesso in rapporto a un’alterità radicale dialetticamente fondante.

Il mostro nell’Anima. Il valore epistemico dell’ibridismo simbolico nella Repubblica di Platone

Giuseppina Paola Viscardi
2020

Abstract

In a passage from the ix book of the Republic (588c), having to simplify the substantial difference existing between the righteous man and the unrighteous one, Plato – through Socrates’ speech – refers to that “image of the soul”, shaped in the speech, “similar to one of those natural forms that myth has handed down to us were born in antiquity from many different shapes or appearances – such as Chìmaira, Skylla, Kerberos and several others” (Hippocentauroi, Gorgones and Pegasi, see Phaedr. 229d). By means of “imagery” or mythological figures evidently well rooted in the collective imagination, Plato literally shapes “in the speech” his own idea of the soul, which is something impalpable and difficult to define, but which also manifests, as an essential quality of its “composite” nature, a hybrid character capable of giving a meaning and an “understandable” form to the composite nature of the human being. Thus, when the Athenian philosopher affirms that one must take medium care (epimeléomai) of the polymorphic and police-animal which is an integral part of human nature, he demonstrates that he knows well (by bending them to his theoretical intentions) the identity strategies through which Greek man thinks and builds himself in relation to a dialectically founding radical Otherness.
2020
Giuseppina Paola Viscardi
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/781629
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