Putative miRNAs for the diagnosis of dyslexia, dyspraxia, and specific language impairment

Disorders of human communication abilities are classifiable in speech (dyspraxia) and language (dyslexia, SLI) disorders. Speech disorders (e.g. Dyspraxia) affect the sound generation and sequencing, while language disorders (e.g. Dyslexia and Specific Language Impairment (SLI) are deficits in the encoding and decoding of language according to its rules (reading, spelling, grammar). The diagnosis of such disorders is often very complicated specially when a patient presents more than one disorder at the same time. The present review focuses on this problematic. We combined data available from literature with an in silico approach trying to identify putative miRNAs, that may have a key role in dyspraxia, dyslexia and SLI. We could obtain new miRNAs, that could have an important impact on the three diseases. Further we related those miRNAs to the Axon guidance pathway and discussed possible interactions and role of possibly deregulated proteins. In addition we described possible differences in expressional deregulation and its possible role on a betterment of diagnosis in the future. Concluding, we invite to experimental investigations of the data obtained in silico.