Thoracic endometriosis-related non-catamenial pneumothorax with peculiar histological findings.

Thoracic endometriosis-related non-catamenial pneumothorax is a rare entity whose pathogenesis is still less unclear than catamenial pneumothorax one. Hormonal therapy and/or talc pleurodesis are not sufficient for successful management. Surgical videothoracoscopic resection has a central role in the treatment. We displace a case of thoracic endometriosis-related non-catamenial pneumothorax presenting with recurrent right pneumothorax, surgically treated three times and misdiagnosed at first two interventions. At third operation, unusual histological findings on diaphragmatic and pulmonary specimens were disclosed. These results could partially clarify the presentation of some complicated misdiagnosed cases. More has to be investigated about pathogenesis of the disease and influence of the hormonal balance on it.