Evaluation and optimization of the conditions for an improved ferulic acid intercalation into a synthetic lamellar anionic clay

Purpose. The aim of the study is to optimize the intercalation conditions of ferulic acid (FERH), ail antioxidant Compound, into Mg-Al-hydrotalcite for a safe skin photoprotection.Methods. The intercalation products were prepared incubating hydrotalcite (HTlc) in aqueous solutions of FERH sodium salt at different temperatures over 4 and 8 days. Quantitative determination of intercalated FERH was performed by thermogravimetric analysis and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FERH stability study was carried out at different pHs and temperatures. FERH was analyzed by reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography. Response surface methods (RSMs) were used to assess optimal intercalation conditions and FERH stability.Results. In all intercalation products, FERH content was found to be about 48%, w/w except when the intercalation process was carried out at 52 degrees C for 8 days and at 60 degrees C for both 4 and 8 days. which resulted to be 40.39, 39.99, and 34.99%. respectively. The RSM designs showed that intercalation improvement can be achieved by working at pH 6, at temperatures below 40 degrees C, and over 4 days of incubation.Conclusions. The optimal conditions for a proper FERH intercalation were assessed. The development of a new optimized protocol may improve HTlc-FER complex performances and safety by augmenting dosage and reducing the presence of harmful reactive species in the final formulation.