Virtual simulation of an osseointegrated trans-humeral prosthesis: A falling scenario

Introduction: Traditional prosthetic solutions expose the amputee to numerous problems that limit his ability to safely perform the normal activities of daily life. In order to eliminate the problems related to the use of the traditional prosthesis with socket, a new technique was developed for fixing the prosthesis to the amputees based on the principle of osseointegration. The aim of this paper is to study and analyze the stress distribution on the interface between a trans-humeral osseointegrated prosthetic implant and the residual bone, identifying the most stressed areas and thus foreseeing possible failure phenomena of the entire prosthetic system and, after, to compare the stress distribution on three different prosthetic designs that differ from each other for some geometric characteristics. Materials and methods: A healthy individual mimics two fall scenarios of which the trans-humeral amputees can most likely be victims: Static fall and Dynamic fall. A force platform (P-6000, BTS Bioengineering) is required for load data acquisition. The CAD model of the trans-humeral osseointegrated implant was created following the guidelines of the OPRA implant. The bone model was created starting from the CAT scan of a left humerus. The FEM simulation was conducted throught a linear analysis. Results: Both during static fall and dynamic fall, similar trends have been observed for the reaction force Fz, the torque moment Tz, the bending moments Mx and My. From the analysis of the von Mises stress distribution it was found that the stress distribution is more homogeneous in the case where the thread of the fixture is made by a triangular profile with height of the thread equal to 0.5 mm. However, it can be seen that, when passing from a thread with height of 0.5 mm to a 1 mm, there is a slight decrease in the stress on the whole contact zone between the fixture and the humerus. The same improvement can also be seen in the case of trapezoidal threading. Conclusion: By modifying the height and/or by varying the thread profile, are obtained slightly better results with respect to the case with a 0.5 mm height triangular thread.