Yield of chromosomally engineered durum wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum recombinant lines in a range of contrasting rain-fed environments

Introgressions of Thinopyrum ponticum 7AgL chromosome segments, spanning 23%, 28% and 40% 17of the distal end of durum wheat 7AL arm, were previously shown to contain multiple beneficial 18gene(s)/QTL for yield-related traits, in addition to effective disease resistance (Lr19, Sr25) and 19quality (Yp) genes. In the present study, durum wheat near isogenic recombinant lines (NIRLs), 20harbouring each of the three introgressions, were included for the first time in multi-location field 21trials, to evaluate general and environment-specific effects of the alien chromatin on 26 yield-related 22traits. The results from nine different trials across contrasting environments of Italy, Morocco and 23South Australia over four years revealed that the overall impact of 7AgL introgressions into the 24tetraploid wheat background did not imply, except in one environment, major yield penalty. The 25comprehensive effect of the three 7AgL segments on individual yield-contributing traits, resulted in26significant increases of biomass m-2 (+9%), spike number m-2 (+13%), grain number m-2 (+11%) and 27spikelet-1 (+8%), but also in a general, significant decrease of grain weight (-8%). When the separate 28NIRLs were analysed, each of the three 7AgL segments turned out to be associated with variation of 29specific yield components. The effects of the 40%-long segment proved to be the most stably 30expressed across environments and involved significant increases of spike and grain number m-2 (13% 31and 15%, respectively), grain number spike-1 (10%) and spike fertility index (46%), though 32accompanied by a significant decrease in thousand grain weight (-23%). In spite of this trade-off 33between grain number and grain weight, their interplay was such that in four trials, including dryer 34environments, a grain yield advantage was observed. This evidence, and comparison with the two 35other NIRLs, substantiates the hypothesized existence of major gene(s)/QTL for grain number in the 36most proximal 28-40% 7AgL region, exclusive to the 40%-long 7AgL introgression. The present 37study represents an important validation of the use of chromosomally engineered genetic stocks for 38durum wheat improvement, targeting not only disease resistance and quality traits but also relevant 39yield components.