In the last few years, the enforcement of the principle of the university autonomy has been marked by various legislative amendments realised from time to time in opposition with the overall aim of the very same university reform. Nevertheless, it allowed the detachment of the universities from a model of indirect administration characterised by uniformity and unicity, in favour of an organisational asset where a stronger subjective plurality and an increased differentiation can be noted. Over the years, the Legislator has also provided for new university teaching / organisational models, as the online universities and the university-foundations, the latter still in need of implementation.Together with the plurality of models of universities, in the last few years has been possible to underline a trend towards the proliferation of private law institutes, mainly instrumental in nature, as companies, foundations, consortia, associations and spin-offs, based on the assumption that they were able to guarantee the best interest of the institutional mission of the university.This has caused the widening of the perimeter of the very same university system. In this context is worthy to note the legislative amendment to the Piano Nazionale Anticorruzione 2017 [Anti-Corruption National Plan 2017] by Anac [the Italian Anti-Corruption Authority], which devoted a particular attention to the university system. This legislative intervention, with the aim of preventing corruption, maladministration and conflicts, had however the side effect of mortifying the university autonomy principle, posing also a number of compatibility problem with the very same autonomy principle. The university system, affected by various legislative amendments which have restricted its autonomy, was also marked by the spending review policy along with public budget constraints, and by the increased plurality and heterogeneity of the actors in the system, has not been coupled with an adequate differentiation in the exercise of the autonomy and in its degree of utilisation.This brings along the side effect of an imbalanced functional barycentre unable to govern the transition. Indeed, the lack of a central point of reference makes the identification of distinctive roles and responsibilities difficult. In turn, this has a negative impact on establishing and guiding the various forms of public-private partnerships, according to an organic and harmonic picture of development of the university system.
L’attuazione dell’autonomia universitaria, segnata nel corso degli anni, da rallentamenti e da non pochi interventi legislativi, che talvolta appaiono essere stati realizzati in controtendenza alle finalità del processo di autonomia medesimo, ha permesso comunque di disancorare le università da un modello retto da un sistema di amministrazione indiretta caratterizzato dall’unicità e dall’uniformità, in favore di un assetto ordinamentale in cui risalta una marcata pluralità soggettiva ed una accentuata differenziazione. Nel corso degli anni il legislatore ha previsto, infatti, nuovi modelli di università, in particolare tra gli altri le università telematiche e le università-fondazione, quest’ultime rimaste ancora inattuate. Accanto alla pluralità di modelli di università, è stato possibile registrare negli anni, la proliferazione nel panorama universitario, di fattispecie giuridiche di diritto privato, perlopiù aventi natura strumentale, quali società di capitali, fondazioni, consorzi, associazioni e spin off, sul presupposto che potessero garantire il migliore perseguimento della mission istituzionale universitaria. Tutto ciò ha determinato un ampliamento del perimetro del sistema universitario medesimo. In questo contesto si inserisce l'aggiornamento nazionale al Piano Nazionale Anticorruzione 2017 da parte dell'Anac, che dedica particolare attenzione al settore universitario. Tale intervento, con la finalità di prevenire fenomeni di corruzione, malaammistrazione e conflitto, mortifica l'autonomia universitaria, ponendo peraltro notevoli problemi di compatibilità con il medesimo principio. Il sistema universitario, interessato da interventi legislativi che hanno ristretto l'autonomia universitaria, segnato da politiche di contenimento della spesa e di rispetto dei vincoli di finanza pubblica e nel quale il fenomeno di affermazione del pluralismo e dell’eterogeneità dei soggetti che compongo il sistema, non è stato accompagnato da un’adeguata differenziazione e diversificazione, nell’esercizio dell’autonomia e del grado di utilizzo della medesima, da parte delle università, rischia di trovarsi privo di un baricentro funzionale in grado di governare i processi del sistema, ovvero di una bussola di riferimento a livello centrale, in base alla quale individuare compiti e funzioni e quindi stabilire e indirizzare forme di collaborazione proficua tra pubblico e privato, secondo un organico ed armonico disegno di sviluppo generale del sistema universitario.
Giovanni Mulazzani (2018). Le università ed il perseguimento della mission istituzionale alla luce dell'autonomia. Tra riforme legislative e interventi dell'Anac. MUNUS, 2(2), 579-605.
Le università ed il perseguimento della mission istituzionale alla luce dell'autonomia. Tra riforme legislative e interventi dell'Anac.
Giovanni Mulazzani
2018
Abstract
In the last few years, the enforcement of the principle of the university autonomy has been marked by various legislative amendments realised from time to time in opposition with the overall aim of the very same university reform. Nevertheless, it allowed the detachment of the universities from a model of indirect administration characterised by uniformity and unicity, in favour of an organisational asset where a stronger subjective plurality and an increased differentiation can be noted. Over the years, the Legislator has also provided for new university teaching / organisational models, as the online universities and the university-foundations, the latter still in need of implementation.Together with the plurality of models of universities, in the last few years has been possible to underline a trend towards the proliferation of private law institutes, mainly instrumental in nature, as companies, foundations, consortia, associations and spin-offs, based on the assumption that they were able to guarantee the best interest of the institutional mission of the university.This has caused the widening of the perimeter of the very same university system. In this context is worthy to note the legislative amendment to the Piano Nazionale Anticorruzione 2017 [Anti-Corruption National Plan 2017] by Anac [the Italian Anti-Corruption Authority], which devoted a particular attention to the university system. This legislative intervention, with the aim of preventing corruption, maladministration and conflicts, had however the side effect of mortifying the university autonomy principle, posing also a number of compatibility problem with the very same autonomy principle. The university system, affected by various legislative amendments which have restricted its autonomy, was also marked by the spending review policy along with public budget constraints, and by the increased plurality and heterogeneity of the actors in the system, has not been coupled with an adequate differentiation in the exercise of the autonomy and in its degree of utilisation.This brings along the side effect of an imbalanced functional barycentre unable to govern the transition. Indeed, the lack of a central point of reference makes the identification of distinctive roles and responsibilities difficult. In turn, this has a negative impact on establishing and guiding the various forms of public-private partnerships, according to an organic and harmonic picture of development of the university system.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.