Collaboration in public infrastructures projects: survey on utility managers

The survey confirms that collaborative arrangements in early project stages improves infrastructure projects. Greater benefits are generated in the Knowledge and Public Acceptance domains. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that these positive effects are traded off against a lack of progress in the area of Efficiency. The permitting procedures that frequently create a time escalation in infrastructure projects are effectively managed when early stages are governed through a co-creation but other inefficiency sources do not find a remedy with the cooperative governance.