The concept of sustainability, around which today seems to rotate the entire universe of architecture, sometimes so paroxysmal, isn't certain something new in the building's historical tradition. There are known examples, referred to the building traditions of man, always careful to reuse virtuously as much as possible from the material's resource, which have already been made available. However, the reflection on the use of this term seems more and more often to dwell exclusively on energy and economic aspects of the phenomenon, neglecting to consider that, what is sustainable in terms of energy and costs, can be much less than the protection of other values: architectural, artistic and even of a mere historical-material witness; obviously if you don't try to maintain a high level of attention to a broader cultural vision. In this writer's opinion, it's an unacceptable attitude, a harbinger of great risk to the cultural heritage and from which are to be taken distances. In this sense, the ideological stance is crucial. The Bologna's research team has been working for a long time on these themes, which, for example, intersect closely with those of the evaluation of installations on historical buildings. In this perspective, it seems to provide useful insights to the theoretical re-reading of some experiences, both technical and historical, relating to post-war Germany, which make clear how they can change the declination of the concept of sustainability in the field of the protection of the architectural heritage, starting simply by changing ideological presuppositions. In the described experiences, the theoretical attitudes at the basis of technical operations substantially affect in setting the boundaries of what is acceptable and sustainable, determining the level of '"acceptable loss" or the sacrifice of particular aspects associated with objects, as cultural, historical or artistic values; this in relation to the advantages in terms of use of resources, which come from the community. These changes are even more significant by the fact that they occur in a homogeneous cultural horizon, broken only by a fictitious boundary, which, up to the time of reunification in 1990, separated the Federal Republic of Germany (West) from the German Democratic Republic (east). The cases illustrated are, on the one hand some well-known cases of restoration of historic Bavarian buildings: the Alte Pinakothek in Munich, restored by architect Hans Döllgast (1953-1957), whose reconstruction/restoration was accompanied by a heated debate between those who tended to its complete demolition and who, as Döllgast, sought to preserve the remains, also in view of the sustainable reuse of material resources ; the Glyptothek, long remained as a ruin, restored by Josef Wiedemann during the Sixties with re-used bricks; and, on the other hand, in a far landscape, the events that led to the loss of some historic buildings, including the Church of St. Sophia (Sophienkirche) in Dresden and the Church of the Leipzig University.

Il concetto di sostenibilità, attorno al quale oggi tutto l'universo dell'architettura pare ruotare, in modo a volte parossistico, non rappresenta di certo, nella tradizione storica dell'edificare, una novità. Sono noti gli esempi, riferiti alla tradizione costruttiva dell'Uomo, da sempre attenta ad un riuso quanto più possibile virtuoso delle risorse materiali che sono già state rese disponibili. La riflessione sull'uso di questo termine, però, pare sempre più spesso soffermarsi esclusivamente sugli aspetti energetici ed economici del fenomeno, tralasciando di valutare che ciò che risulta sostenibile energeticamente ed economicamente può esserlo molto meno rispetto alla tutela di altri valori: architettonici, artistici e anche di semplice testimonianza storico-materiale; ovviamente se non si mantiene alto il livello dell'attenzione ad una visione culturale più ampia. Si tratta, a parere di chi scrive, di un atteggiamento inaccettabile, foriero di grandi rischi per quel patrimonio e dal quale vanno prese evidenti distanze. L'atteggiamento ideologico risulta, in questo senso, decisivo. Il gruppo di ricerca bolognese sta da tempo lavorando su questi temi, temi che, ad esempio, si incrociano strettamente con quelli della valutazione dell'impatto impiantistico sulle fabbriche storiche. In questa prospettiva, pare fornire spunti utili alla riflessione teorica la rilettura di alcune esperienze, a livello tecnico e storico, riferite alla Germania postbellica, che rendono con chiarezza di quanto possano variare le declinazione del concetto di sostenibilità nel campo della tutela del patrimonio architettonico, a partire semplicemente dal variare delle premesse ideologiche. Nelle esperienze illustrate, infatti, gli atteggiamenti teorici posti alla base degli interventi tecnici influiscono sostanzialmente nel fissare i limiti di ciò che è accettabile e sostenibile, determinando il livello dell'"accettabilità della perdita" o del sacrificio di particolari aspetti di testimonianza culturale, storica, artistica associati agli oggetti; ciò in rapporto ai vantaggi di uso di risorse che ne derivano alle comunità. Queste variazioni sono ancora più significative per il fatto che si verificano in un orizzonte culturale omogeneo, solo spezzato da un confine fittizio, quello che, fino al momento della riunificazione, nel 1990, separava la Repubblica Federale Tedesca (ovest) dalla Repubblica Democratica Tedesca (est). I casi che si illustreranno sono, da una parte alcuni noti casi di restauro di edifici storici bavaresi: l'Alte Pinakothek di Monaco (1953-1957), restaurata dall'architetto Hans Döllgast, la cui ricostruzione/restauro fu accompagnata da un acceso dibattito tra chi propendeva per la completa demolizione e chi invece, come Döllgast, proponeva di conservarne i resti, in un'ottica anche di riuso sostenibile delle risorse materiali; e, dall'altro, in un panorama molto distante, le vicende che portarono alla perdita di alcuni edifici storici, tra i quali la Sophienkirche a Dresda e della Chiesa dell'Università di Lipsia.

Sustainability between economy and culture. Restoration, re-construction and "reuse" in some post-world war II cases in Germany (East and West)

pretelli marco
;
signorelli leila
2014

Abstract

The concept of sustainability, around which today seems to rotate the entire universe of architecture, sometimes so paroxysmal, isn't certain something new in the building's historical tradition. There are known examples, referred to the building traditions of man, always careful to reuse virtuously as much as possible from the material's resource, which have already been made available. However, the reflection on the use of this term seems more and more often to dwell exclusively on energy and economic aspects of the phenomenon, neglecting to consider that, what is sustainable in terms of energy and costs, can be much less than the protection of other values: architectural, artistic and even of a mere historical-material witness; obviously if you don't try to maintain a high level of attention to a broader cultural vision. In this writer's opinion, it's an unacceptable attitude, a harbinger of great risk to the cultural heritage and from which are to be taken distances. In this sense, the ideological stance is crucial. The Bologna's research team has been working for a long time on these themes, which, for example, intersect closely with those of the evaluation of installations on historical buildings. In this perspective, it seems to provide useful insights to the theoretical re-reading of some experiences, both technical and historical, relating to post-war Germany, which make clear how they can change the declination of the concept of sustainability in the field of the protection of the architectural heritage, starting simply by changing ideological presuppositions. In the described experiences, the theoretical attitudes at the basis of technical operations substantially affect in setting the boundaries of what is acceptable and sustainable, determining the level of '"acceptable loss" or the sacrifice of particular aspects associated with objects, as cultural, historical or artistic values; this in relation to the advantages in terms of use of resources, which come from the community. These changes are even more significant by the fact that they occur in a homogeneous cultural horizon, broken only by a fictitious boundary, which, up to the time of reunification in 1990, separated the Federal Republic of Germany (West) from the German Democratic Republic (east). The cases illustrated are, on the one hand some well-known cases of restoration of historic Bavarian buildings: the Alte Pinakothek in Munich, restored by architect Hans Döllgast (1953-1957), whose reconstruction/restoration was accompanied by a heated debate between those who tended to its complete demolition and who, as Döllgast, sought to preserve the remains, also in view of the sustainable reuse of material resources ; the Glyptothek, long remained as a ruin, restored by Josef Wiedemann during the Sixties with re-used bricks; and, on the other hand, in a far landscape, the events that led to the loss of some historic buildings, including the Church of St. Sophia (Sophienkirche) in Dresden and the Church of the Leipzig University.
2014
QUALE SOSTENIBILITA’ PER IL RESTAURO. Atti del convegno internazionale.
41
51
Pretelli, Marco; Signorelli, Leila
File in questo prodotto:
Eventuali allegati, non sono esposti

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/619740
 Attenzione

Attenzione! I dati visualizzati non sono stati sottoposti a validazione da parte dell'ateneo

Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact