Upper limb anthropometry, kinematics and local fatigue in basketball free throw. Cicchella A., *▪ D’ Adamo N.* *Faculty of Motor Sciences and ▪Department of Psychology University of Bologna Italy. Aims. Very few data exists on basketball players regarding the relationship between upper limb anthropometry and kinematics 2,3. Some studies1 claims that the effect of fatigue on the free shot in basketball is a determinant of the performance. Aim of this study was to investigate relationships between anthropometry, kinematics and verify the pre-post fatigue effect on score in basketball free throw. Methods A sample of 12 male experienced ( > 8 year of practice) right handed college basketball players participated in the study (age 22.1, sd 2.5 years, height 1.82 , sd 0.75, weight 81.98 sd 14.73). Informed consent was obtained by all participants. Anthropometry included height, weight, arm girth with the arm flexed (relaxed and tensed), forearm girth relaxed, wrist girth, acromiale-radiale , radiale-stylion lengths, arm span, fingers lengths, hand perimeter and hand grip strength. Kinematics were collected with a 3D 6 cameras Vicon system 460 (Oxford Metrics, U.K.). The cameras speed was set a 100 hz. The following kinematics variables of the elbow joint was calculated: duration of the extension movement (defined as the time difference from the position of loading angle to release angle), loading and release angle, before and after two fatigue exercises protocols, giving a total of six variables. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Five subjects (group A) performed a local fatigue protocol, and 7 subjects (group B) a general fatigue protocol. Student t test for paired samples (SPSS v. 14.0.) was performed for score percentage pre and post fatigue (local and general fatigue conditions). Results and Discussion. We found a release angle in group a of 158° ± 4,9° and in group b of 154° ± 13,2°, and a loading elbow angle of 55-59° before fatigue. Positive statistically significant correlations of wrist girth with handgrip strength and time of the throw (r = 0, 70 p = 0, 11 and r = 0, 84 p = 0, 01) were found. Height of the subjects, radiale-stylion, acromiale-radiale lengths shows respectively correlations of 0, 82 (p = 0, 00), 0, 76 (p = 0, 04) and 0, 69 (p = 0, 11) with time of the throw. The fingers lengths shows decreasing correlations coefficients from the index finger to the little finger with the elbow joint release angle (index 0,74 p = 0.06 ; middle 0,76 p = 0,04 ; ring 0,66 p = 0,018 ; little 0,58 p = 0,04). The relationships between the length of hand fingers and the elbow angle at release is in accord with the correct technique of the free throw, requiring the actions of the index, middle and ring fingers to impart a backward spin to the ball necessary for the achievement of the optimal fly trajectory. No effect was found of fatigue (both local and general protocols) on the score percentage suggesting that the performance in the free throw is attributable to factors other that strength or muscular endurance. 1)Shibukawa K. (1975).Velocity conditions of basketball shooting. Bulletin of Institute of Sport Sciences. Tokyo University of Education, 13, 59-64. 2)Kinnunen D.A., Colon G., Espinoza D., Overby L.Y. & Lewis D. (2001). Anthropometric correlates of basketball free throw shooting by young girls. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 93(1) 105-108. 3)Visnapuu M., & Jurimae T. (2007). Handgrip strength and hand dimensions in young handball and basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(3), 923-929.
Cicchella A., D'Adamo N. (2008). Upper limb anthropometry, kinematic and local fatigue in basketball free throw. MAGDEBURG : University of Magdeburg.
Upper limb anthropometry, kinematic and local fatigue in basketball free throw
CICCHELLA, ANTONIO;
2008
Abstract
Upper limb anthropometry, kinematics and local fatigue in basketball free throw. Cicchella A., *▪ D’ Adamo N.* *Faculty of Motor Sciences and ▪Department of Psychology University of Bologna Italy. Aims. Very few data exists on basketball players regarding the relationship between upper limb anthropometry and kinematics 2,3. Some studies1 claims that the effect of fatigue on the free shot in basketball is a determinant of the performance. Aim of this study was to investigate relationships between anthropometry, kinematics and verify the pre-post fatigue effect on score in basketball free throw. Methods A sample of 12 male experienced ( > 8 year of practice) right handed college basketball players participated in the study (age 22.1, sd 2.5 years, height 1.82 , sd 0.75, weight 81.98 sd 14.73). Informed consent was obtained by all participants. Anthropometry included height, weight, arm girth with the arm flexed (relaxed and tensed), forearm girth relaxed, wrist girth, acromiale-radiale , radiale-stylion lengths, arm span, fingers lengths, hand perimeter and hand grip strength. Kinematics were collected with a 3D 6 cameras Vicon system 460 (Oxford Metrics, U.K.). The cameras speed was set a 100 hz. The following kinematics variables of the elbow joint was calculated: duration of the extension movement (defined as the time difference from the position of loading angle to release angle), loading and release angle, before and after two fatigue exercises protocols, giving a total of six variables. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Five subjects (group A) performed a local fatigue protocol, and 7 subjects (group B) a general fatigue protocol. Student t test for paired samples (SPSS v. 14.0.) was performed for score percentage pre and post fatigue (local and general fatigue conditions). Results and Discussion. We found a release angle in group a of 158° ± 4,9° and in group b of 154° ± 13,2°, and a loading elbow angle of 55-59° before fatigue. Positive statistically significant correlations of wrist girth with handgrip strength and time of the throw (r = 0, 70 p = 0, 11 and r = 0, 84 p = 0, 01) were found. Height of the subjects, radiale-stylion, acromiale-radiale lengths shows respectively correlations of 0, 82 (p = 0, 00), 0, 76 (p = 0, 04) and 0, 69 (p = 0, 11) with time of the throw. The fingers lengths shows decreasing correlations coefficients from the index finger to the little finger with the elbow joint release angle (index 0,74 p = 0.06 ; middle 0,76 p = 0,04 ; ring 0,66 p = 0,018 ; little 0,58 p = 0,04). The relationships between the length of hand fingers and the elbow angle at release is in accord with the correct technique of the free throw, requiring the actions of the index, middle and ring fingers to impart a backward spin to the ball necessary for the achievement of the optimal fly trajectory. No effect was found of fatigue (both local and general protocols) on the score percentage suggesting that the performance in the free throw is attributable to factors other that strength or muscular endurance. 1)Shibukawa K. (1975).Velocity conditions of basketball shooting. Bulletin of Institute of Sport Sciences. Tokyo University of Education, 13, 59-64. 2)Kinnunen D.A., Colon G., Espinoza D., Overby L.Y. & Lewis D. (2001). Anthropometric correlates of basketball free throw shooting by young girls. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 93(1) 105-108. 3)Visnapuu M., & Jurimae T. (2007). Handgrip strength and hand dimensions in young handball and basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(3), 923-929.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
