αvβ3 Integrin boosts the innate immune response elicited in epithelial cells through plasma membrane and endosomal Toll-like receptors

We report that αvβ3 integrin strongly affects the innate immune response in epithelial cells. αvβ3 integrin greatly increased the response elicited via plasma membrane Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by herpes simplex virus or bacterial ligands. The endosomal TLR3, not the cytosolic sensor interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), was also boosted by αvβ3 integrin. The boosting was exerted specifically by αvβ3 integrin but not by αvβ6 or αvβ8 integrin. Current and previous work indicates that integrin- TLR cooperation occurs in epithelial and monocytic cells. The TLR response should be considered an integrin-TLR response.