Background: Arnica montana is a popular traditional remedy widely used in complementary medicine, also for its wound healing properties. Despite its acknowledged action in clinical settings at various doses, the molecular aspects relating to how Arnica montana promotes wound healing remain to be elucidated. To fill this gap, we evaluated the whole plant extract, in a wide range of dilutions, in THP-1 human cells, differentiated into mature macrophages and into an alternative IL-4-activated phenotype involved in tissue remodelling and healing. Methods: Real-time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis was used To study the changes in the expression of a customized panel of key genes, mainly cytokines, receptors and transcription factors. Results: On macrophages differentiated towards the wound healing phenotype, Arnica montana affected the expression of several genes. In particular CXC chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), coding for a chief chemo- kine, exhibited the most consistent increase of expression, while also CXC chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), Interleukin8 (IL8) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) were slightly up-regulated, suggesting a positive influence of Arnica montana on neutrophil recruitment and on angiogenesis. MMP1, coding for a metalloproteinase capable of cleaving extracellular matrix substrates, was down-regulated. Most results showed non-linearity of the dose-effect relationship. Conclusions: This exploratory study provides new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of Arnica montana as a promoter of healing, since some of the genes it modifies are key regulators of tissue remodelling, inflammation and chemotaxis.
Premesse: l'Arnica Montana è un preparato tradizionale popolare molto usato in medicina complementare, anche per le sue proprietà curative. Nonostante la sua azione riconosciuta in ambito clinico nelle diverse dosi, gli aspetti molecolari che favoriscono la guarigione delle ferite devono essere ancora chiariti. Per cercare di ovviare a questa mancanza, abbiamo valutato l'estratto della pianta, in un ampio spettro di diluizioni, nelle cellule umane THP-1, differenziate tra macrofagi completamente sviluppati e macrofagi aVENTl fenotipo alternativo IL-4, coinvolto nella ricomposizione e nella guarigione dei tessuti. Metodi: L'analisi PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) è stata applicata per analizzare i cambi di espressione di un pannello di "geni chiave", soprattutto citochine. recettori e fattori di trascrizione. Risultati: Sui macrofagi sviluppati verso il fenotipo che favorisce la guarigione, l'Arnica Montana influenza l'espressione di svariati geni. In particolare il gene CXCL1 ha mostrato l'incremento di espressione più evidente, mentre il gene CXCL2, il gene IL8 e quello della proteina BMP2 sono risultati modificati verso l'alto, suggerendo la possibilità di un effetto positivo dell'Arnica Montana sulla selezione dei neutrofili e sull'angiogenesi. A sua volta, il gene MMP1, esprimente una metalloproteinasi in grado di suddividere i substrati extra-cellulari, risulta regolata verso il basso. La maggior parte dei risultati ottenuti mostra un andamento non lineare della relazione dose-effetto. Conclusioni: Questo studio esplorativo fornisce una nuova visuale nello studio del meccanismo di azione di Arnica Montana come rimedio per favorire la guarigione, poiché alcuni dei geni da essa modificati sono geni regolatori della ricomposizione dei tessuti, del grado di infiammazione e della chemiotassi.
Olioso, D., Marzotto, M., Bonafini, C., Brizzi, M., Bellavite, P. (2016). Arnica Montana effects on gene expression in a human macrophage cell line. Evaluation by quantitative Real-Time PCR. HOMEOPATHY, 105(2), 131-147 [10.1016/j.homp.2016.02.001].
Arnica Montana effects on gene expression in a human macrophage cell line. Evaluation by quantitative Real-Time PCR
BRIZZI, MAURIZIO;
2016
Abstract
Background: Arnica montana is a popular traditional remedy widely used in complementary medicine, also for its wound healing properties. Despite its acknowledged action in clinical settings at various doses, the molecular aspects relating to how Arnica montana promotes wound healing remain to be elucidated. To fill this gap, we evaluated the whole plant extract, in a wide range of dilutions, in THP-1 human cells, differentiated into mature macrophages and into an alternative IL-4-activated phenotype involved in tissue remodelling and healing. Methods: Real-time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis was used To study the changes in the expression of a customized panel of key genes, mainly cytokines, receptors and transcription factors. Results: On macrophages differentiated towards the wound healing phenotype, Arnica montana affected the expression of several genes. In particular CXC chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), coding for a chief chemo- kine, exhibited the most consistent increase of expression, while also CXC chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), Interleukin8 (IL8) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) were slightly up-regulated, suggesting a positive influence of Arnica montana on neutrophil recruitment and on angiogenesis. MMP1, coding for a metalloproteinase capable of cleaving extracellular matrix substrates, was down-regulated. Most results showed non-linearity of the dose-effect relationship. Conclusions: This exploratory study provides new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of Arnica montana as a promoter of healing, since some of the genes it modifies are key regulators of tissue remodelling, inflammation and chemotaxis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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