Inherited kidney diseases constitute at least 150 different disorders and they have an overall prevalence of about 6080 cases per 100 000 in Europe and in USA. At least 10% of adults and nearly all children who progress to renal-replacement therapy have an inherited kidney disease, representing the fifth most common cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and pyelonephritis. These conditions include both structural and functional disorders, among which are counted diseases resulting from inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Some inborn errors of metabolism primarily affect kidney and because of progress in renal replacement therapy, patients with inherited kidney disorders rarely die when their disease progresses and can live for many years. However, these patients often have compromised health with a poor quality of life. Renal transplantation offers a viable treatment option for those inborn errors of metabolism characterized by primary renal damage caused by dysfunction of a mutated protein, as in cystinuria. In this case, the indication to renal transplantation makes it possible to overcome the specific enzyme defect. However this option remains valid even when the genetic defect is expressed systemically and renal involvement is just one of the clinical manifestations of the disease, as in Anderson-Fabry disease, cystinosis, hereditary amyloidosis and primary hyperoxaluria. In these conditions, renal transplantation is combined with the liver (primary hyperoxaluria) or cardiac transplant (familial amyloidosis) improving the quality and life expectancy of patients.
Le nefropatie ereditarie comprendono circa 150 differenti disordini e hanno una prevalenza di circa 60-80 casi per 100.000 in Europa ed in USA. Circa il 10% degli adulti e quasi tutti i pazienti pediatrici che arrivano alla dialisi hanno una nefropatia ereditaria, la quinta causa più comune di insufficienza renale terminale dopo il diabete, l'ipertensione, le glomerulonefriti e le pielonefriti. Tali condizioni comprendono sia di- sordini strutturali che funzionali, tra le quali sono annoverate le malattie derivanti da errori congeniti del metabolismo (inborn errors of metabolism - IEM). Alcuni errori congeniti del metabolismo si manifestano con un danno primitivamente renale, come nella cistinuria. In questo caso l'indicazione al trapianto renale rende possibile il superamento dello specifico difetto enzimatico. Tuttavia tale indicazione rimane valida anche nelle forme in cui il difetto genetico è espresso a livello sistemico e il coinvolgimento renale è solo una delle manifestazioni cliniche della malattia, come nella malattia di Anderson-Fabry, nella cistinosi, nell'amiloidosi familiare, nell'iperossaluria primitiva. In queste condizioni il trapianto renale viene com- binato con quello epatico (iperossaluria primitiva) o cardiaco (amiloidosi familiare) migliorando la qualità e l'aspettativa di vita dei pazienti
Capelli, I., Battaglino, G., Baraldi, O., Ravaioli, M., Cuna, V., Moretti, I., et al. (2015). Trapianto renale nelle malattie da errori congeniti del metabolismo = Kidney Transplantation and inborn errors of metabolism. GIORNALE ITALIANO DI NEFROLOGIA, 32(2), 1-12.
Trapianto renale nelle malattie da errori congeniti del metabolismo = Kidney Transplantation and inborn errors of metabolism
CAPELLI, IRENE;BATTAGLINO, GIUSEPPE;BARALDI, OLGA;RAVAIOLI, MATTEO;CUNA, VANIA;MORETTI, ILARIA;ANGELETTI, ANDREA;MENCARELLI, FRANCESCA;PASINI, ANDREA;MONTINI, GIOVANNI;PINNA, ANTONIO DANIELE;LA MANNA, GAETANO
2015
Abstract
Inherited kidney diseases constitute at least 150 different disorders and they have an overall prevalence of about 6080 cases per 100 000 in Europe and in USA. At least 10% of adults and nearly all children who progress to renal-replacement therapy have an inherited kidney disease, representing the fifth most common cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and pyelonephritis. These conditions include both structural and functional disorders, among which are counted diseases resulting from inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Some inborn errors of metabolism primarily affect kidney and because of progress in renal replacement therapy, patients with inherited kidney disorders rarely die when their disease progresses and can live for many years. However, these patients often have compromised health with a poor quality of life. Renal transplantation offers a viable treatment option for those inborn errors of metabolism characterized by primary renal damage caused by dysfunction of a mutated protein, as in cystinuria. In this case, the indication to renal transplantation makes it possible to overcome the specific enzyme defect. However this option remains valid even when the genetic defect is expressed systemically and renal involvement is just one of the clinical manifestations of the disease, as in Anderson-Fabry disease, cystinosis, hereditary amyloidosis and primary hyperoxaluria. In these conditions, renal transplantation is combined with the liver (primary hyperoxaluria) or cardiac transplant (familial amyloidosis) improving the quality and life expectancy of patients.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.