Indoor air quality in waste treatment: Environmental issue and biotechnology application for air pollution containment, a case study

A proper integrated management of municipal waste analyzes the entire life cycle of waste, from cradle to grave, i.e. the final stage of disposal or recycling, through which waste come back as a resource, as required by Waste European Directive. In this perspective, every possible impact factor should be taken into account and, therefore, air quality and odor control have to be addressed as crucial elements for sustainable waste management, as directly affecting quality of life of both workers and people living in the surroundings of waste treatment facilities. While the issue is generally regarded as a major concern in presence of incinerators (for air pollution control) and landfill (for odor, mainly), it is usually neglected when segregated dry waste treatment is involved, but it remains an element of concern for population and, therefore, public stakeholders. A modern segregated waste treatment plant, already compliant with regulations requirements regarding indoor air quality and human health, was taken as a case study to prove the effectiveness of a biotechnological treatment for air pollution and odor control. The system applied is based on stand-alone bio-oxidizers that provide internal air-mixing within the facility and capture particulates and gases by attracting them to a clean air zone generated by its action. In this paper, only the preliminary phase of application for the system is presented. It was preceded by a completion of analysis of air quality baseline, collected by a Wireless Sensor Network, which have been compared to the following five months of system activity, showing a consistent effectiveness in air pollutant containment and abatement. These results found confirmation in parallel independent laboratory analysis which showed comparable abatement trends. A comparison with a traditional biofiltration case study marked the great opportunity offered by the bioreactors' system implemented in an overall indoor air quality perspective.