L’origine del capitale sociale. Discussione

The economic cleavage between Northern Italy and Soutthern Italy overlaps on the cultural cleavage in terms of Social capital and civicness. This long-term dualism is not the long standing heritage of an original , unique, cuse. The persistent cleavage has to be considered as the result of a series of independent changes and successive critical junctures in different centuries which resulted as incentives to particularism, lack of collctive political mobilitation and emigration.