Hepatitis E is an infectious viral disease with clinical and morphological features of acute hepatitis. The aetiological agent is the hepatitis E virus (HEV). The disease represents an important public health problem in developing countries where it is frequently epidemic and is primarily transmitted by the faecal-oral route. In recent years, a number of sporadic cases have also been described in industrialised countries, Italy included. Swine HEV was first identified in 1997 and is now considered a ubiquitous virus. Human and swine strains from the same region have been shown to have a high level of nucleotide homology and, in experimental infections, the possibility of cross-species transmission of swine strains to humans and of human strains to non-human primates has been demonstrated. Furthermore, some seroepidemiological studies have demonstrated that people working in contact with swine have a higher risk of infection than regular blood donors. Recently, cases of HEV hepatitis in Japan were directly associated with the ingestion of uncooked meat from pigs, wild boar or deer and today the disease is considered an emerging zoonosis. The authors summarise current virological and epidemiological knowledge on HEV infections so as to stimulate interest in a virus that has not received much attention in veterinary medicine, but that could become an important zoonotic agent.

L'epatite E è una malattia infettiva con caratteristiche cliniche di epatite acuta. L’agente responsabile è il virus dell’epatite E (Hepatitis E Virus, HEV). La malattia costituisce un importante problema di sanità pubblica nei paesi in via di sviluppo dove in genere si presenta in forma epidemica ed è trasmessa per via oro-fecale. Negli ultimi anni, casi sporadici della malattia sono stati descritti anche in numerosi paesi industrializzati, compresa l’Italia. Nel 1997 è stato identificato il virus dell'epatite E del suino che oggi viene considerato ubiquitario nella popolazione suina mondiale. È stato evidenziato che ceppi umani e suini provenienti dalle stesse regioni geografiche presentano tra loro una spiccata analogia nucleotidica e infezioni sperimentali hanno dimostrato la possibilità di trasmissione interspecifica di ceppi umani al suino e di ceppi suini a primati non umani. Alcuni studi sieroepidemiologici, hanno inoltre rilevato che persone professionalmente esposte al contatto con suini hanno un rischio maggiore di contrarre l’infezione rispetto a normali donatori di sangue. Recentemente alcuni episodi di epatite E sono stati associati all’ingestione di carne o organi crudi di suino, cinghiale e cervo ed oggi la malattia è considerata una zoonosi emergente. Questo articolo si propone di presentare una breve sintesi delle conoscenze virologiche ed epidemiologiche sulle infezioni da HEV al fine di stimolare l’interesse verso una tematica ancora poco considerata in ambito veterinario e che potrebbe assumere rilevanza crescente come zoonosi.

Il virus dell’Epatite E: un agente di zoonosi emergente / Hepatitis E virus: an emerging zoonotic agent

CAPRIOLI, ANDREA;OSTANELLO, FABIO;MARTELLI, FRANCESCA
2005

Abstract

Hepatitis E is an infectious viral disease with clinical and morphological features of acute hepatitis. The aetiological agent is the hepatitis E virus (HEV). The disease represents an important public health problem in developing countries where it is frequently epidemic and is primarily transmitted by the faecal-oral route. In recent years, a number of sporadic cases have also been described in industrialised countries, Italy included. Swine HEV was first identified in 1997 and is now considered a ubiquitous virus. Human and swine strains from the same region have been shown to have a high level of nucleotide homology and, in experimental infections, the possibility of cross-species transmission of swine strains to humans and of human strains to non-human primates has been demonstrated. Furthermore, some seroepidemiological studies have demonstrated that people working in contact with swine have a higher risk of infection than regular blood donors. Recently, cases of HEV hepatitis in Japan were directly associated with the ingestion of uncooked meat from pigs, wild boar or deer and today the disease is considered an emerging zoonosis. The authors summarise current virological and epidemiological knowledge on HEV infections so as to stimulate interest in a virus that has not received much attention in veterinary medicine, but that could become an important zoonotic agent.
2005
CAPRIOLI A.; OSTANELLO F.; MARTELLI F.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/5282
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