Investment–uncertainty relationship: differences between intangible and physical capital

This paper disentangles the effects of uncertainty in explaining the heterogeneity of firms’ investments. In particular, following Bloom [2007. “Uncertainty and the Dynamics of R&D.” American Economic Review 97 (2): 250–255], we test the role of uncertainty and liquidity constraints extending the model to include R&D, non-R&D intangibles, as well as physical capital. The analysis is performed on a large data set of Italian firms, covering both manufacturing and services sectors, as well as large and small firms. We show that non-convex adjustment costs affect different capital inputs in different ways, depending on their degree of firm-specificity. The results confirm the Bloom model: flow adjustment costs explain investment in R&D and, to a lesser extent, in non-R&D intangibles. However, it struggles to explain tangible investment plans because of the ambiguous effect of the stock adjustment costs.