Far-Infrared Spitzer Observations of Elliptical Galaxies: Evidence for Extended Diffuse Dust

Far-infrared Spitzer observations of elliptical galaxies are inconsistent with simple steady state models of dust creation in red giant stars and destruction by grain sputtering in the hot interstellar gas at T 107 K. The flux at 24 m correlates with optical fluxes, suggesting that this relatively hot dust is largely circumstellar. But fluxes at 70 and 160 m do not correlate with optical fluxes. Elliptical galaxies with similar LB have luminosities at 70 and 160 m (L70 and L160) that vary over a factor of 100, implying an additional source of dust unrelated to that produced by ongoing local stellar mass loss. Neither L70/LB nor L160/LB correlate with the stellar age or metallicity. Optical line fluxes from warm gas at T 104 K correlate weakly with L70 and L160, suggesting that the dust may be responsible for cooling this gas. Many normal elliptical galaxies have emission at 70 m that is extended to 5Y10 kpc. Extended far-infrared emission with sputtering lifetimes of 108 yr is difficult to maintain by mergers with gas-rich galaxies. Instead, we propose that this cold dust is buoyantly transported from reservoirs of dust in the galactic cores, which are supplied by mass loss from stars in the core. Intermittent energy outbursts from AGNs can drive the buoyant outflow.