CAD Procedures for the Nonlinear/Electromagnetic co-Design of Integrated Microwave Transmitters

The paper introduces a new approach to the nonlinear/electromagnetic co-design of microwave transmitters including integrated antennas. Nonlinear analysis tech-niques and EM simulation are coupled to produce an accurate description of the transmitter performance. The antenna is not treated as a separate component but as an integral part of the linear subnetwork in order to fully account for any coupling effects that the circuit layout may introduce. For optimization purposes the passive circuit layout is described by neural models derived from rigorous EM simulation. A separate artificial neural network (ANN) is used in the neighbourhood of each harmonic of interest in order to over-come the bandwidth problem. Special ANN’s are used to model the radiated field, allowing the design goals to be for-mulated in terms of far-field specifications, and suitable figures of merit encompassing radiation and nonlinear performance are introduced.