Flow and Pollutant Dispersion in Street Canyons using FLUENT and ADMS-Urban

This paper is devoted to the study of flow within a small building arrangement and pollutant dispersion in street canyons starting from the simplest case of dispersion from a simple traffic source. Flow results from the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT are validated against wind tunnel data (CEDVAL). Dispersion results from FLUENT are analysed using the well-validated atmospheric dispersion model ADMS-Urban. The k-epsilon turbulence model and the advection-diffusion (AD) method are used for the CFD simulations. Sensitivity of dispersion results to wind direction within street canyons of aspect ratio equal to 1 is investigated. The analysis shows that the CFD model well reproduces the wind tunnel flow measurements and compares adequately with ADMS-Urban dispersion predictions for a simple traffic source by using a slightly modified k-epsilon model. It is found that a Schmidt number of 0.4 is the most appropriate number for the simulation of a simple traffic source and in street canyons except for the case when the wind direction is perpendicular to the street canyon axis. For this last case a Schmidt number equal to 0.04 gives the best agreement with ADMS-Urban. Overall the modified k-epsilon turbulence model may be accurate for the simulation of pollutant dispersion in street canyons provided that an appropriate choice for coefficients in the turbulence model and the Schmidt number in the diffusion model are made.