Thermodynamic modeling assisted by multivariate statistical image analysis as a tool for unraveling metamorphic P-T-d evolution: An example from ilmenite-garnet-bearing metapelite of the Peloritani Mountains, Southern Italy

An ilmenite-garnet-bearing schist from the medium-grade metapelite complex of the Mandanici Unit in the Peloritani Mountains has been investigated to constrain the P-Tconditions attained in this sector of the southern European Hercynian chain. Microprobe investigations assisted by sta- tistical handling of X-ray maps via principal component anal- ysis allowed us to better elucidate the porphyroblast-matrix relationships, the geometry of the elemental distribution in garnet porphyroblasts and the average volume percentage of the reactant garnet during retrograde metamorphic evolution. Selected microprobe data were then used to constrain, by means of P-T pseudosections, the main P-T stages of the metamorphic evolution, using the XRF bulk-rock chemistry as the equilibrium chemical composition for the prograde and peak stages and an effective bulk-rock composition for the retrograde one. Peak metamorphic P-T estimates (~530 °C; 0.9 GPa) are consistent with a Hercynian crustal thickening stage at middle-lower crustal conditions, while subsequent evolution, constrained at 420 – 460 °C; 0.30 – 0.60 GPa, depicts a retrograde clockwise P-T trajectory linked to exhumation under likely extensional shearing conditions. The results obtained in this paper lead to envisage a new scenario for the crustal evolution of the Peloritani Mountains and stimulate a revision of previous interpretations in the light of the new investigation techniques.