Reaction time distribution analysis of spatial correspondence effects

Since 1994, group reaction-time (RT) distribution analyses of spatial correspondence effects have been used to evaluate dynamics of the spatial Simon effect, a benefit of correspondence of stimulus-location information with response location for tasks in which stimulus location is irrelevant. We review the history and justification for analyzing group RT distributions and clarify which conditions result in the Simon effect decreasing across the distribution and which lead to flat or increasing functions. Although the standard left-right Simon effect typically yields a function for which the effect decreases as RT increases, in most other task variations the Simon effect remains stable or increases across the RT distribution. Studies that have used other means of evaluating temporal dynamics of the Simon effect provide converging evidence that the changes in the Simon effect across the distribution are due mainly to temporal activation properties, an issue that has been a matter of some dispute.