Evidence for Chlamydiaceae and Parachlamydiaceae in a Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Population in Italy

Conjunctival swabs from 44 free-living wild boars culled during a demographic control program applied in a Regional Park located in the Northern Italy were examined by 16S rRNA encoding gene nested PCR. In total, 22 (50%) wild boars were PCR positive. Sequencing of the amplicons identified Chlamydia suis and Chlamydia pecorum in 12 and 5 samples, respectively. For one sample found PCR positive, the nucleotide sequence could not be determined. Four conjunctival samples showed 92% sequence similarities to 16S rRNA sequences from Chlamydia-like organisms, as well as large intestine, uterus, and vaginal swab from the same four animals. Amoeba DNA was found in one Chlamydia-like organism positive conjunctival swab. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of members of the Parachlamydiaceae family in wild boars, confirming a large animal host range for Chlamydia-like organisms.