Cultural Planning, City Marketing and Creative Cities: Bologna - from cultural city to creative city?

The transition from the public urban cultural policies to cultural planning strategies in Europe is considered within the framework of the regeneration of cities process, which took place from 1990. This topic is considered from both a theoretical and a more empirical point of view. From the theoretical point of view, the article focuses on the implications of the category of 'creative city', while from the empirical perspective. the article analyzes the consequences of the development of cultural policies in the Italian city of Bologna.