Beyond Just Inflammation: An Immunophenotyping Compass to Define the Clinical Pathophysiology and Guide the Management of Takayasu Arteritis

akayasu arteritis (TAK) remains one of the most challenging conditions encountered by cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, vascular specialists, and rheumatologists. In particular, 2 of the more frequent manifestations, aortic regurgitation and ascending aortic aneurysm, frequently require complex surgical repair.Despite decades of experience, such repairs remain guided by anatomic descriptors and clinical syndromes rather than on laboratory-based disease endotypes.