Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1): XXXIV. First detections from the Euclid galaxy cluster workflow

The first survey data release by the Euclid mission covers approximately 63 deg2 in the Euclid Deep Fields to the same depth as the Euclid Wide Survey. This paper showcases, for the first time, the performance of cluster finders on Euclid data and presents examples of validated clusters in the Quick Release 1 (Q1) imaging data. We identify clusters using two algorithms (AMICO and PZWav) implemented in the Euclid cluster-detection pipeline. We explore the internal consistency of detections from the two codes, and cross-match detections with known clusters from other surveys using external multi-wavelength and spectroscopic data sets. This enables assessment of the Euclid photometric redshift accuracy and also of systematics such as mis-centring between the optical cluster centre and centres based on X-ray and/or Sunyaev–Zeldovich observations. We report 426 joint PZWav and AMICO-detected clusters with high signal-to-noise ratios over the full Q1 area in the redshift range 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 1.5. The chosen redshift and signal-to-noise thresholds are motivated by the photometric quality of the early Euclid data. We provide richness estimates for each of the Euclid-detected clusters and show its correlation with various external cluster mass proxies. Due to the limited area and evolving data quality, the sample is not intended to serve as a reference for cosmological applications, but to verify and validate the cluster workflow. Out of the full sample, 77 systems are potentially new to the literature. Overall, the Q1 cluster catalogue demonstrates a successful validation of the workflow ahead of the Euclid Data Release 1, based on the consistency of internal and external properties of Euclid-detected clusters.