Analysis of the mutual influence of sustainability on resilience in a biodistrict

Context: Given the recently exposed vulnerabilities of the global agri-food system, strengthening and reinforcing the development of resilient and sustainable local food systems has emerged as a key strategy. Biodistricts can represent one of the solutions to this end. They integrate organic farming, community management, and environmental protection at a local level. An analysis of their resilience and sustainability could further enhance their potential for contributing to the development of agri-food systems locally. Although sustainability and resilience complement each other, linking economic viability, environmental stewardship, and social responsibility with adaptability to disruptions, their mutual influence remains underexplored, especially in the context of biodistricts. Objective: This study aims to analyze the mutual influence between sustainability and resilience indicators in biodistricts, with particular attention to identifying and categorizing the key indicators that shape these two domains. In doing so, the study seeks to establish an analytical framework suitable for their integrated assessment. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol. Content analysis using R programming and ATLAS.ti was employed to identify thematic relationships and research gaps across sustainability and resilience domains Results and conclusions: Findings reveal strong overlaps between sustainability and resilience themes, particularly in adaptation of climate change, organic agriculture, health, and education. However, notable gaps remain in areas such as fair trade and energy access. The study highlights the multidimensional interdependence of sustainability and resilience indicators and suggests combining Generalized Interval-Valued Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (GIVTFNs) with the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) as a potential methodological approach for future analyses. Significance: By clarifying the reciprocal links between sustainability and resilience, this study contributes to the design of more adaptive, equitable, and sustainable agri-food systems through the strategic implementation of biodistrict models.