Burden, features and factor associated with disorders of gut–brain axis in Italy: results from the Rome foundation global epidemiology study

Disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) are prevalent and burdensome conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, regional distribution, and associated factors of DGBI in Italy, and compare findings with the rest of Europe. Data were drawn from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study. A representative sample of 2063 Italian adults completed a internet-based questionnaire assessing DGBI presence, psychological distress, somatic symptoms, dietary habits, and healthcare utilization. Comparative analysis was conducted within the country and with other European countries. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent associated factors in Italy. Overall, 44.2% of Italian participants met criteria for at least one DGBI with higher prevalence in women and individuals aged 18–39 years. The South and Islands showed the highest DGBI prevalence. Functional constipation (13.9%) and functional dyspepsia (9.1%) were the most common DGBI, while irritable bowel syndrome affected 5.0% of the population. Psychological distress, somatic symptom burden, female sex, and younger age were independently associated with DGBI, while living in small rural communities showed an inverse association. Compared to the rest of Europe, Italy showed higher DGBI rates across multiple gastrointestinal regions and more frequent overlapping DGBI. DGBI represent a substantial burden in Italy compared with the rest of Europe, with marked regional and psychosocial gradients.