Varicella nell'era vaccinale: gestione dei casi residui e profilassi post-esposizione

Chickenpox is a highly contagious infectious disease whose incidence has significantly declined following the introduction of universal vaccination. However, residual cases still occur, particularly among susceptible individuals and high-risk groups, in whom the risk of complications remains relevant. In this context, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) plays a key role in preventing infection or reducing disease severity. The paper reviews the main indications for PEP and focuses on the definition of significant exposure, identification of candidates and management strategies. A comparison between the United Kingdom and the United States guidelines as well as important differences in the use of antivirals and immunoglobulins are also provided. In the current epidemiological setting, vaccination is still the cornerstone of primary prevention, while ongoing surveillance of residual cases is essential to optimise public health strategies and ensure appropriate use of post-exposure prophylaxis.