Objective To evaluate the marginal seal of class II cavities with different resin composite materials and approaches. Methods A universal adhesive (iBOND Universal) and 3 resin composite materials (flow [F; Venus Diamond Flow]; conventional composite [C; Venus Pearl]; bulk-fill flow [B; Venus Bulk Flow ONE]) were used in the study. Standardized (4x4x4mm with 2mm wide gingival step with a 90° cavosurface angle) mesial and distal class II cavities of 25 sound human molars were prepared and restored according to the following resin materials and techniques (n=10): (G1) F + C incrementally layered and photopolymerized separately; (G2) F + C photopolymerized simultaneously (snowplow technique); (G3) C in 2 incremental layers; (G4) pre- heated C in 2 incremental layers; (G5) B in a single 4mm layer. For polymerisation a VALO light curing unit was used in Xtra Power mode (3.200 mW/cm² light output). Subgroups were also formed (n=5) according to the adhesive strategies (self-etch-SE or selective-enamel etch-SEE). After 24h of storage in artificial saliva at 37°C, the specimens underwent 10,000 thermocycles (5-55°C). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and microleakage tests were performed to evaluate the marginal seal. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Results SEE significantly improved the marginal seal, reducing microleakage across all groups (p<0.05). Incremental layering techniques (G1, G3 and G4) demonstrated superior marginal integrity compared to the snowplow and bulk-fill approaches (G2 and G5) (p<0.05). Conclusion SEE enhanced the marginal seal in class II cavities, regardless of the restorative material or technique used. Incremental layering approaches provided superior marginal integrity compared to snowplow and bulk-fill methods. However, further investigations are necessary to investigate the influence of the intensity light protocol on the marginal seal of the bulk-fill composites as the light output used was twice as high as the one recommended in the IFU of the tested.
Pieri, G.m., D’Urso, D., Forte, A., D'Alessandro, C., Maravic, T., Mazzitelli, C., et al. (2025). In Vitro Evaluation of Different Class II Cavity Restorative Procedures.
In Vitro Evaluation of Different Class II Cavity Restorative Procedures
Pieri GM;D’Urso D;Forte A;D’ Alessandro Carlo;Maravic T;Mazzitelli C;Josic U;Breschi L;Mazzoni A;Mancuso E.
2025
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the marginal seal of class II cavities with different resin composite materials and approaches. Methods A universal adhesive (iBOND Universal) and 3 resin composite materials (flow [F; Venus Diamond Flow]; conventional composite [C; Venus Pearl]; bulk-fill flow [B; Venus Bulk Flow ONE]) were used in the study. Standardized (4x4x4mm with 2mm wide gingival step with a 90° cavosurface angle) mesial and distal class II cavities of 25 sound human molars were prepared and restored according to the following resin materials and techniques (n=10): (G1) F + C incrementally layered and photopolymerized separately; (G2) F + C photopolymerized simultaneously (snowplow technique); (G3) C in 2 incremental layers; (G4) pre- heated C in 2 incremental layers; (G5) B in a single 4mm layer. For polymerisation a VALO light curing unit was used in Xtra Power mode (3.200 mW/cm² light output). Subgroups were also formed (n=5) according to the adhesive strategies (self-etch-SE or selective-enamel etch-SEE). After 24h of storage in artificial saliva at 37°C, the specimens underwent 10,000 thermocycles (5-55°C). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and microleakage tests were performed to evaluate the marginal seal. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Results SEE significantly improved the marginal seal, reducing microleakage across all groups (p<0.05). Incremental layering techniques (G1, G3 and G4) demonstrated superior marginal integrity compared to the snowplow and bulk-fill approaches (G2 and G5) (p<0.05). Conclusion SEE enhanced the marginal seal in class II cavities, regardless of the restorative material or technique used. Incremental layering approaches provided superior marginal integrity compared to snowplow and bulk-fill methods. However, further investigations are necessary to investigate the influence of the intensity light protocol on the marginal seal of the bulk-fill composites as the light output used was twice as high as the one recommended in the IFU of the tested.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
