Real-world analysis of ceftolozane/tazobactam prescribing patterns and effectiveness: SPECTRA analysis on chronic pulmonary diseases and respiratory-related infections

Objectives: In hospital settings, both pre-existing antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative (GN) bacteria and those that develop resistance during treatment pose significant challenges, often contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. This study focuses on chronic pulmonary disease (CPD) and respiratory-related infections (RRI), including pneumonia, from SPECTRA study. Understanding the real-world clinical use and outcomes for patients treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is essential. Methods: The multi-national SPECTRA study utilised inpatient chart reviews to describe real-world practice and collect outcome data in hospitalised patients treated with C/T. This analysis focuses on secondary data from SPECTRA cohorts of CPD and RRI patients (the most common conditions comprising RRI included pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic respiratory infection [ECRI]). Results: Between January 2016 and October 2020, 180 patients with CPD, 275 with RRI, 182 with pneumonia, and 91 with ECRI who received C/T for ≥48 h were included. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 57.5 (18.7) years, 55.8 (18.2) years, 57.8 (17.4) years, and 51.8 (19.1) years in CPD, RRI, pneumonia, and ECRI patients, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent pathogen, identified (91.5%, 91.8%, 88.0%, and 97.0% CPD, RRI, pneumonia, and ECRI patients, respectively), with MDR strains in 76.9%, 74.7%, 68.4%, and 80.3% CPD, RRI, pneumonia, and ECRI patients, respectively. Clinical success was achieved in 69.4%, 66.2%, 59.9%, 79.1% of CPD, RRI, pneumonia, and ECRI patients, respectively. Conclusions: This SPECTRA subgroup analysis demonstrates significant real-world utilisation of C/T in treating patients with CPD and RRI, aligning with previous controlled studies.