1-year clinical outcome of a posterior indirect restoration using 3D-printed hybrid composite

Aim: 3D printing is a digital innovation in dental restorations, offering an alternative to traditional subtractive CAD/CAM systems. Full indirect restorations made via 3D printing have shown promising results, both as provisional and definitive options. Recently, interest has grown in using the same technology for indirect partial restorations (IPRs). Few 3D printers support composite IPRs, and one in particular allows “multi-color” printing, helping reproduce natural tooth shades. However, clinical data on 3D printed hybrid composite IPRs in outpatient settings remain limited. This clinical case aims to present a 3D printed onlay performed with a fully digital, single-visit workflow. Methods: A 22-year-old female visited the Dental Clinic of the University of Bologna for a routine check-up. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed extensive decay on tooth 4.6 and an endo-perio lesion with grade 2 mobility. The treatment plan included endodontic therapy, composite build-up, and a 3D printed onlay using hybrid composite (Dfab printer, DWS Systems), cemented with universal resin composite cement (Panavia SA Universal). Results: The one-visit treatment was well accepted; the patient was satisfied with both procedure and esthetics. At 1 year, mobility was reduced and lesion improvement noted. Conclusion: Though still not widely used, in-office 3D printing shows strong potential for IPRs, requiring clinician expertise in digital workflows and effective patient communication.