Third molars normally and mesially inclined (< 25 degrees)

OBJECTIVES The objective of this module is to guide clinicians in the extraction of normo-and mesio-inclined (&lt; 25 degrees) mandibular third molars using a standardized protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS The most recent national and international literature was analyzed, retrieved from major databases (PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library). This was combined with ministerial guidelines and insights derived from several years of clinical experience. RESULTS Clinical cases of normo and mesio-inclined mandibular third molars with &lt; 25 degree angulation were collected. All the evaluated cases adhered to the Pell and Gregory classification. Clinical images were used to illustrate the various steps of the extraction procedure, including flap design, techniques for osteotomy, odontotomy, and the avulsion of the targeted mandibular teeth. DISCUSSION In the extraction of normo-and mesio-inclined mandibular third molars, it is crucial to clarify the instruments used during surgery and the types of anesthesia employed. For partially or fully impacted third molars, whether normo-or mesio-inclined, proper flap design is essential for optimal visualization of the tooth. The procedure typically proceeds with osteotomy a surgical technique involving the removal of surrounding bone. When necessary, odontotomy (sectioning the tooth into smaller segments) facilitates avulsion. A critical phase post-extraction is alveolar revision, which, when the tooth is not in contact with the inferior alveolar nerve, is performed using an alveolar curette; otherwise, irrigation with saline is preferred. The final step involves suturing, with primary intention sutures recommended whenever is possible. CONCLUSIONS This module provides clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of the surgical phases involved in the extraction of normo-and mesio-inclined mandibular third molars. The knowledge imparted equips practitioners to perform these interventions effectively while remaining aware of the associated risks. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The extraction of mandibular third molars is the most common surgical procedure in dental practices. Despite its frequency, the procedure is not without risks. This module presents the appropriate instrumentation and details each phase of the surgical protocol for the removal of normo-and mesio-inclined mandibular third molars, providing clinicians with a complete framework for the extraction procedure.