A novel fractional-order integral backstepping control approach: an application to integer-order nonlinear glucose-insulin system dynamics

This study introduces conformable fractional-order integral backstepping as a novel method for managing blood glucose levels in type-1 diabetes, building on integer-order Bergman's minimal model of the glucose-insulin system. It advances the field by integrating insulin pump dynamics and accounting for external disturbances. The approach is pioneering, and Monte-Carlo analysis is utilised to evaluate the controller's performance across varying model parameters, reflecting clinical scenarios. A comparison shows that this method outperforms traditional techniques, offering greater robustness against parameter disturbances and hypoglycemic events.