SensEH: From simulation to deployment of energy harvesting wireless sensor networks

Energy autonomy and system lifetime are critical concerns in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), for which energy harvesting (EH) is emerging as a promising solution. Nevertheless, the tools supporting the design of EH-WSN are limited to a few simulators that require developers to reimplement the application with programming languages different from WSN ones. Further, simulators notoriously provide only a rough approximation of the reality of low-power wireless communication. In this paper we present SENSEH, a software framework that allows developers to move back and forth between the power and speed of a simulated approach and the reality and accuracy of in-field experiments. SENSEH relies on COOJA for emulating the actual, deployment-ready code, and provides two modes of operation that allow the reuse of exactly the same code in real-world WSN deployments. We describe the toolchain and software architecture of SENSEH, and demonstrate its practical use and benefits in the context of a case study where we investigate how the lifetime of a WSN used for adaptive lighting in road tunnels can be extended using harvesters based on photovoltaic panels.