Data analysis of the mortality of cattle and sheep recorded in a sample of Australian saleyards

In Australia, nearly twenty million cattle and sheep pass through saleyards annually, with potentially significant impacts on their welfare. This study documented the mortality rate occurring from January 2021 to December 2024 at a sample of saleyards of cattle and sheep in New South Wales, Australia, and identified possible risk factors. A database of the number of animals sold and deceased, either on arrival or while contained at each saleyard on each sale day, was created from the National Livestock Identification System. Descriptive statistics, and uni- and multivariable linear regression were used to examine risk factors for mortality. The mean sale mortality rates were 0.016 and 0.096% for cattle and sheep, respectively. In the univariate model, cattle sale mortality rate was associated with the maximum daily temperature, year, size of saleyard, and saleyard location, while minimum daily temperature, region, and saleyard location were associated with sale mortality of sheep. In the multivariable model, size of saleyard, saleyard location, month and year were significant predictors for the cattle mortality rate, while saleyard location and minimum daily temperature remained significant predictors of sheep mortality rate. Furthermore, sale mortality rate was eight times higher in sheep than in cattle, and sheep mortality was higher than values reported in the literature for farms. Further studies investigating the cause of death, journey conditions, and management practices of saleyards are recommended.