Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore: The Cardiovascular Disease’s Molecular Achilles Heel

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) plays a central role in myocardial injury. Upon reperfusion after myocardial infarction, oxidative stress, calcium overload, and ATP depletion promote mPTP opening, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death, and infarct expansion. This process affects various cardiac cell types differently, contributing to complex pathological remodelling. Key mitochondrial events, such as disruption of bioenergetics parameters, impaired mitophagy, and oxidative stress, drive regulated cell death. Emerging therapies targeting mitochondrial biology, dynamics, and transplantation offer promising strategies to mitigate damage and improve cardiac outcomes. Considering the potential to improve cardiac outcomes and redefine therapeutic approaches in the management of cardiovascular disease, mPTP modulation represents a compelling therapeutic target in myocardial infarction and ischemia–reperfusion injury management.