Update of the Bologna Experience in Radioembolization of Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primitive liver cancer and is rising in incidence worldwide. Given its low survival and resectability rates, locoregional therapies such as Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (Y-TARE) are increasingly being employed. This retrospective study aim was to confirm and update our previous results about overall survival (OR), safety, and efficacy of Y-TARE in patients with unresectable/recurrent ICC. Materials and Methods: OS was evaluated as primary endpoint while radiological tumor response at 3 months, based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, was considered as secondary endpoint. Results: Over a total of 49 patients, the overall median survival was 16 months (27-41 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]) from Y-TARE procedure. A significantly longer survival was recorded in naive patients compared to patients previously submitted to any type of liver-directed treatment and radical surgery (18 vs 14 months, P=.015 and 28 vs 14 months, P=.001, respectively). Target lesion and overall objective response for RECIST 1.1 criteria were 64.6% and 52.1%, respectively. Low rates of postprocedural and late complications were recorded. Conclusions: In unresectable and recurrent ICC, Y-TARE confirms its safety and its potential in increasing OS, especially in naive patients.