Une sociologie irréductible?

This article analyzes the sociology of Michel Maffesoli, focusing on its theoretical and methodological nomadism, which makes it resistant to traditional classifications. Building on Durkheim’s emphasis on the symbolic basis of society—while pushing this approach further—Maffesoli contrasts the classic notion of the social contract with a vision of sociality rooted in informal bonds, the quest for shared experiences, and affective passions. This perspective leads to a postmodern neo-tribalism, where individuals are no longer defined by stable identities but by multiple and fluid affiliations. This paper explores both the affinities and points of divergence with Simmel’s reflections on social circles and situates Maffesoli’s perspective in critical dialogue with Boltanski and Chiapello’s “new spirit of capitalism.” Finally, drawing on Maffesoli’s focus on everyday knowledge, a brief case study on female emancipation is presented to illustrate the application of this theoretical framework.