Logistics facilities location choice modeling: Effects of environmental constraints

The selection of logistics facility locations is a critical decision that influences supply chain efficiency, cost structures and operational resilience. While previous studies have extensively examined the role of transport accessibility in location choices, the interplay between socio-demographic, transport-related and environmental constraints remain partially underexplored. This study addresses this gap by developing a conditional logit model to assess the impact of these factors on logistics facility location decisions, using the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) as a case study. The model incorporates key determinants of location choice, including proximity to transport infrastructure (highways, freight terminals, rail stations), population density, environmental risks (flooding and seismic hazards) and land-use restrictions (protected natural areas). Results confirm that transport accessibility is the primary driver of logistics location choices and that socio-demographic factors, particularly population, also influence location preferences. Conversely, environmental constraints exert a negative effect on site selection, reducing the likelihood of a location being chosen. These findings bring significant policy implications. Investments in logistics-oriented transport infrastructure – such as enhanced highway connectivity, intermodal terminals and advanced congestion management systems – remains essential for strengthening regional logistics competitiveness. Moreover, implementing risk mitigation measures in location choice process analysis, including flood-resilient warehousing and seismic-resistant facilities, can enable firms to operate in moderate-risk areas without undermining operational resilience. Finally, integrated transport and land-use planning that harmonizes industrial expansion with environmental sustainability, through initiatives like ecoindustria parks, can support the development of resilient and efficient logistics systems.