Blockchain-based green supply chain management framework for sustainable practices in Bangladeshi RMG industries

The Bangladesh Readymade Garments (RMG) industry faces increasing pressure to enhance sustainability and transparency across its complex supply chain. This research develops a blockchain-based Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) framework to address these challenges. Through a structured review of existing literature, the study identifies key sustainability challenges in GSCM and explores how blockchain can help overcome these challenges, thereby providing a foundation for developing a blockchain-based GSCM framework. The proposed framework facilitates the end-to-end monitoring of sustainability practices, from the procurement of raw materials to the production of finished garments, by utilizing the immutability and transparency of blockchain technology. Smart contracts enforce predefined sustainability criteria, ensuring stakeholder accountability while providing real-time data to drive continuous improvements in resource efficiency and overall sustainability performance. This research addresses a critical gap in the existing literature by proposing a context-specific framework that integrates transparency and sustainability functionalities within a blockchain-based GSCM system. The framework aligns with relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and offering a novel approach to achieving a more transparent, accountable, and sustainable future for the Bangladesh RMG industry.