Sleep Related Movement Disorders: What's New and Changing Clinical Practice

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder, and the most common sleep-related movement disorder with a prevalence of up to 15% in the European and US population. This review addresses key aspects of RLS, focusing on novel data that have or will likely have an impact on clinical practice. These include novel insights into pathophysiology and motor activity during sleep, with a key focus on implications for RLS treatment. Along this line, we discuss the problem of augmentation before introducing new treatment paradigms and insights into new drug targets from genetics. Besides RLS, restless sleep disorder, neck myoclonus, fragmentary myoclonus, propriospinal myoclonus at the wake–sleep transition, and facio-mandibular myoclonus are discussed. This review provides an overview of the most recent insights into sleep-related movement disorders, and of how they are changing clinical practice.