Insights into grapevine new biosecurity challenges and plant defences strategies - a critical review

The need to combat pests and diseases in viticulture with environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional methods presents significant challenges, requiring innovative management strategies. In this context, integrated pest management (IPM), biocontrol techniques, breeding, microbiota management, and the application of advanced informatics have become essential tools in modern viticulture. This review focuses on sustainable practices, exploring cutting-edge technologies and novel approaches for pest and disease control. By integrating these methods, viticulture can enhance resilience, efficiency, and sustainability while reducing the environmental impact of traditional treatments. This holistic approach not only mitigates the risks posed by emerging threats but also supports the long-term health and productivity of vineyards, ensuring the production of high-quality grapes and wines and preparing the sector to face future challenges.