Green legacy: the Royal Gardens of Reggia di Caserta and their role in the evolution of European horticulture

The Palace of Reggia di Caserta, a masterpiece of Italian architecture, is not only renowned for its palatial grandeur but also for its expansive and meticulously designed gardens. These gardens represent a dynamic mosaic of evolving horticultural art, illustrating the evolution and intricacies of European horticultural practices from the Renaissance to the modern era. The research begins by tracing the roots of horticulture in Europe, highlighting the influences from ancient civilizations, including the Greeks and Romans, and how these practices evolved through the history when the Renaissance period marks a significant transformation, where gardens became symbols of power, prestige, and artistic expression, leading to innovative designs and the introduction of exotic plant species. At the heart of this study is the Reggia di Caserta. Its gardens, designed by Luigi Vanvitelli and later modified and made by his son Carlo in the 18th century, embody the zenith of European garden design, blending Italian Baroque elements with French and English landscaping influences. The research offers an in-depth analysis of the garden’s layout, architectural features, including fountains and sculptures, and the variety of flora, examining how these elements reflect broader societal, cultural, and artistic trends of the time. Furthermore, the study explores the role of the Caserta gardens in the advancement of botanical science and horticultural knowledge. It highlights the garden’s function as a center for botanical studies, the cultivation of rare plant species, and the implementation of advanced irrigation techniques. In conclusion, the Royal Gardens of Reggia di Caserta are not just a testament to historical landscaping prowess but also a crucial link in understanding the progression of horticultural science and aesthetics in Europe. This case study provides valuable insights into how gardens are more than mere aesthetic entities; they are dynamic spaces that encapsulate cultural, scientific, and historical narratives of the eras they transcend.