Literature review on nature based solutions for industrial landscape transformation in Europe and Italy

Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are widely defined as interventions inspired and supported by natural processes that effectively address societal problems, providing environmental, social and economic benefits through the sustainable use of ecosystem services. This reflects the growing acknowledgement of the intrinsic value and practical benefits of exploiting natural systems even for industrial landscape transformation. This study aims to analyze the state of the art through a review of the literature on the implementation and impact of NBS for the regeneration of former industrial areas in Europe, with a specific focus on Italy. Numerous success stories of brownfields regenerated through the implementation of Nature-Based Solutions are reported in scientific literature. Such green interventions enabled the realization of recreational spaces, improving urban climate resilience and supporting local biodiversity.